Vibration characteristics of a circular cylindrical ceramic tube piezoelectric transducer with helical electrodes

We develop a 1-D mechanics model for coupled extensional and torsional vibrations of a circular cylindrical ceramic tube piezoelectric transducer with helical electrodes. A theoretical analysis of the electrically forced vibration of the tube is performed. Basic vibration characteristics of resonant frequencies, modes, and admittance are calculated and examined. The optimal orientation of the electrodes for exciting torsional modes is determined.