Structurally integrated phased arrays

This paper will discuss the benefits and challenges of integrating large structural apertures or antennas into aircraft structure.
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Current generation parasitic (non-load bearing) antennas are limited in size and installation location by vehicle airframe and flight characteristics. Typical mission scope is adversely impacted by the weight and aerodynamic drag associated with surface mounted fairings, blades, and radomes. These features reduce electrical/structural efficiency by limiting payload, range and overall RF performance. Structurally integrating antenna apertures in non-traditional locations (e.g., doors, wing skins, and fuselage panels) could greatly improve mission capability and ISR effectiveness on a wide array of air, water, ground and space-based assets. Structural integration of radiators and associated electrical components can result in reductions in aerodynamic drag count, significant parasitic weight, and total system volume. Such integrated apertures have the potential to enhance the number and nature of sensor functions above and beyond what is currently provided by traditional aperture radome systems. Boeing, in conjunction with Air Force Research Labs, has been developing a novel structurally integrated phased array concept. The structural phased array design space includes wing, door, and fairing integration. To address the feasibility of integrating structural arrays into this design space, a series of analyses, coupons, and tests were performed. Finite element modeling (FEM) was performed to configure the array to meet structural design requirements under various load conditions. Coupons were fabricated to address the manufacturability of the structural arrays. Structural tests were performed to verify the modeling and provide a check for the continuity of the electronics. The results from the structural tests confirm the compatibility of structural arrays within the wing, doors, and fairing structures to meet structural and Radio Frequency (RF) requirements.