Memristive systems analysis of 3-terminal devices

Memristive systems were proposed in 1976 by Leon Chua and Sung Mo Kang as a model for 2-terminal passive nonlinear dynamical systems which exhibit memory effects. Such systems were originally shown to be relevant to the modeling of action potentials in neurons in regards to the Hodgkin-Huxley model and, more recently, to the modeling of thin film materials such as TiO
_2-x
proposed for non-volatile resistive memory. However, over the past 50 years a variety of 3-terminal non-passive dynamical devices have also been shown to exhibit memory effects similar to that predicted by the memristive system model. This article extends the original memristive systems framework to incorporate 3-terminal, non-passive devices and explains the applicability of such dynamic systems models to 1) the Widrow-Hoff memistor, 2) floating gate memory cells, and 3) nano-ionic FETs.