Regular space filling tetrahedral elements for transmission line modelling (TLM)

The advantages of electromagnetic simulations operating on unstructured tetrahedral meshes are the availability of smooth boundary approximations and seamless multi-scale meshing. However in general, computational efficiency is notably better with regular elements and therefore in practice hybrid meshes usually provide the most valuable overall approach. In this paper we consider the scope of a particular tetrahedral scattering element that is both space filling and computationally efficient to implement in TLM simulations.