Cosecant-square Pattern Synthesis with Particle Swarm Optimization for Nonuniformly Spaced Linear Array Antennas

A fully informed particle swarm optimization (FIPSO) is adopted to synthesize the shaped beam for nonuniformly spaced linear array (NUSLA) antennas, the element positions, amplitudes and phases of the excitation coefficients of which are treated as design parameters. For a 24-element antenna, a cosecant-square pattern is obtained with a small ripple and low sidelobe level (LSLL).