Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis Using Both Mechanical and Electrical Signatures

Some large wind turbines use a synchronous generator, directly-coupled to the turbine, and a fully rated converter to transform power from the turbine to the mains. This paper considers condition monitoring and diagnosis of mechanical and electrical faults in such a variable speed machine. A new condition monitoring technique is proposed in this paper, which removes the negative influence of variable wind in machine condition monitoring. This technique has a versatile function, able to detect both the mechanical and electrical faults in the wind turbine. Its effectiveness is validated by the experiments on a wind turbine condition monitoring test rig. Furthermore, a potential approach for diagnosing wind turbine drive-train mechanical faults using wind turbine generator electrical signals is introduced. The diagnosis of rotor imbalance in the wind turbine will be used as an illustrative example, heralding the detection of wind turbine electromechanical faults by power analysis. The paper offers a simpler and cheaper condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system for wind turbines.