I. Introduction
Climate change has a measurable influence on the growing season of terrestrial vegetation at mid- and high latitudes [1], [2]. Over the 20th century, global average surface temperature increased . Much of the warming occurred between 1976 and 2000, and it is projected to increase by 1.4 °C–5.8 °C over the period from 1990 to 2100 [3], [4]. Tracking variation of landscape dynamics provides an understanding of the changing environment, the impacts and threats caused by changes, and the likely trends in the future for natural resources and associated ecosystems [5]. Time-series remote sensing data provide necessary observations in revealing patterns of landscape dynamics, either by abrupt change or gradual trends.