Multiple-amplifier RC-active filter design with emphasis on GIC realizations (Invited Paper)

The use of more than one amplifier to realize an RC-active filter is now economically viable because of the relatively low cost of high-performance operational amplifiers. In this review article, multipleamplifier RC-active synthesis and design techniques are considered. Multiple-amplifier circuits are described that use generalized immittance converters or integrators to realize low-sensitivity high-quality biquadratic circuits and active ladder circuits.