A $V$ -Band Divide-by-4 Direct Injection-Locked Frequency Divider in 0.18-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS

In this paper, a novel circuit topology of a CMOS divide-by-4 direct injection-locked frequency divider is presented for millimeter-wave applications. To enhance the locking range for circuit operations with a division ratio of 4, a series peaking technique is introduced in the proposed divider structure such that improved input injection efficiency can be achieved. Using a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process, a
V
-band frequency divider is fabricated for demonstration. Operated at a supply voltage of 1.8 V, the divider core consumes a dc power of 12.6 mW. At an incident power of 0 dBm, the fabricated circuit exhibits an input locking range of 2.44 GHz in the vicinity of 60 GHz. The measured output power and locked phase noise at 1-MHz offset are -7 dBm and -133 dBc/Hz, respectively.