Effectiveness of Higher Order Time Integration in Time-Domain Finite-Element Analysis

The backward Euler (BE) method is widely applied to the magnetic field analysis of various electrical machines for the reason of unconditional stability in the time-domain analysis. However, computation accuracy occasionally deteriorated in the time domain. In this paper, the effectiveness of higher order time integration using GEAR's backward formulas is validated by the comparison with the conventional time integration technique such as BE and Galerkin method from the viewpoint of the numerical accuracy and the effect of convergence characteristics of incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient (ICCG) and Newton-Raphson (NR) method. As a result, it is shown that the computation accuracy can be improved by GEAR's backward formulas with the same elapsed time as the BE method.