Dual in-mold electromagnetic stirring in continuous casting

We evaluate an effect of the dual in-mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) which is arranged in series to control the molten steel velocity distribution using magnetohydrodynamic calculation. A stirring force ratio (SFR) defined as F/sub u//F/sub l/ where F/sub u/ is an electromagnetic force of upper M-EMS and F/sub l/ is the one of the lower M-EMS is introduced as an index of input. The value of SFR at the optimal condition that meniscus velocity is almost zero, but some velocity is realized at lower M-EMS position. Especially, the SFR condition to have no velocity at free surface is extremely rigorous. This means that it is very difficult to be stable at meniscus by the dual M-EMS system. The lower velocity hardly changes when the SFR changes.