I. Introduction
In MOBILE terminals, the size of the antenna is important, as portability is a key requirement. The rapid growth of the wireless market has resulted in new technologies being investigated to improve performance and usage of the available spectrum in the most efficient way. Smart antennas with controllable directionality are one promising candidate as they allow higher reuse of channels and increased system performance. Phased array antennas can also be considered. However, they typically require an interelement spacing of greater than 0.5. In switched parasitic arrays, the separation distances can be reduced to 0.3 [1]. The structure lies on a finite ground plane as shown in Fig. 1(a). Geometry of the dielectric embedded antenna array. (a) Configuration of DE-ESMB antenna array. (b) Switching circuits for beam control.