Modelling Cardiac Dynamics with Integral Pulse Frequency Modulated Units

We investigate a new model for the cardiac system. It embodies the main features of cardiac activity with great flexibility. It can be tuned to suit different cell types, and scaled up or down to represent either a single cell, an aggregate, or whole tissue. We demonstrate its use in the generation of a clinically realistic electrocardiogram (ECG) and other dynamical behaviours such as spiral waves. Our model is computationally economic - about 1000 times faster than ion conductance based models and is thus ideal for doing large scale simulations.