Modelling of CMOS digital-to-analog converters for telecommunication

In telecommunication applications the digital-to-analog converter is a crucial building block. For this kind of application dynamic performance, rather than static performance, is of the greatest importance. This paper discusses the aspects of the dynamic performance of digital-to-analog converters and models the influence of non-ideal components (such as output impedance, mismatch, circuit noise, etc.) on the dynamic performance. The purpose of this modelling is to provide a design guidance for high dynamic performance digital-to-analog converters.