The ISO reference model entities

The functionalities and presently defined entities at the different levels of the Open Systems Interconnection reference model are discussed. An overview of standards activity by the International Organization for Standardisation (ISO), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) is given. The ISO reference model and layer functions are described. Standards for the different layers are examined. Network security and naming and addressing issues, which were not covered by the basic reference model and earlier standards activities, are addressed. Two private-sector examples of OSI networks, the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) and the Technical Office Protocol (TOP), are considered.<
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